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Many eukaryotic protein kinases are activated by phosphorylation on a specific conserved residue in the regulatory activation loop, a post-translational modification thought to stabilize the active DFG-In state of the catalytic domain. Here we use a battery of spectroscopic methods that track different catalytic elements of the kinase domain to show that the ~100 fold activation of the mitotic kinase Aurora A (AurA) by phosphorylation occurs without a population shift from the DFG-Out to the D…

Theoretical restrictions on longest implicit time scales in Markov state models of biomolecular dynamics. J Chem Phys. 2018 Jan 28;148(4):044111 Authors: Sinitskiy AV, Pande VS Abstract Markov state models (MSMs)…

REDOR NMR Reveals Multiple Conformers for a Protein Kinase C Ligand in a Membrane Environment. ACS Cent Sci. 2018 Jan 24;4(1):89-96 Authors: Yang H, Staveness D, Ryckbosch SM, Axtman AD,…

Although warfarin is the most widely used anticoagulant worldwide, the mechanism by which warfarin inhibits its target, human vitamin K epoxide reductase (hVKOR), remains unclear. Here we show that warfarin blocks a dynamic electron-transfer process in hVKOR. A major fraction of cellular hVKOR is in an intermediate redox state containing a Cys51-Cys132 disulfide, a characteristic accommodated by a four-transmembrane-helix structure of hVKOR. Warfarin selectively inhibits this major cellular fo…

The therapeutic effect of targeted kinase inhibitors can be significantly reduced by intrinsic or acquired resistance mutations that modulate the affinity of the drug for the kinase. In cancer, the majority of missense mutations are rare, making it difficult to predict their impact on inhibitor affinity. This complicates the practice of precision medicine, pairing of patients with clinical trials, and development of next-generation inhibitors. Here, we examine the potential for alchemical free…

Related Articles Markov State Models: From an Art to a Science. J Am Chem Soc. 2018 Jan 11;: Authors: Husic BE, Pande VS Abstract Markov state models (MSMs) are a…

Tabtoxinine-β-lactam (TβL), also known as wildfire toxin, is a time- and ATP-dependent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase produced by plant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas syringae. Here we demonstrate that recombinant glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli phosphorylates the C3-hydroxyl group of the TβL 3-(S)-hydroxy-β-lactam (3-HβL) warhead. Phosphorylation of TβL generates a stable, noncovalent enzyme-ADP-inhibitor complex that resembles the glutamine synthetase tetrahedral transition …

Protein stabilization is fundamental to enzyme function and evolution, yet understanding the determinants of a protein’s stability remains a challenge. This is largely due to a shortage of atomically detailed models for the ensemble of relevant protein conformations and their relative populations. For example, the M182T substitution in TEM β-lactamase, an enzyme that confers antibiotic resistance to bacteria, is stabilizing but the precise mechanism remains unclear. Here, we employ Markov stat…

A minimum variance clustering approach produces robust and interpretable coarse-grained models. J Chem Theory Comput. 2017 Dec 18;: Authors: Husic BE, McKiernan KA, Wayment-Steele HK, Sultan MM, Pande VS Abstract…